Drug Recognition Experts. A Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) is a law enforcement officer who administers tests on suspected impaired drivers to attempt to determine.
History and Development. A drug recognition expert or drug recognition evaluator (DRE) is a police officer trained to recognize impairment in drivers under the.
Nhtsa Drug Recognition Expert Manual
Drug Recognition Expert Manual Georgia The DEC Program in Massachusetts began in 1995. The program started with just two DREs, and today has grown to 89 certified.
A Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) is a law enforcement officer trained to identify people whose driving is impaired by drugs other than, or addition to, alcohol . DREs often testify in court, where the term "expert" has important legal implications. Some jurisdictions do not allow the term Drug Recognition Expert. In these jurisdictions DREs are called Drug Recognition Evaluators, or Drug Recognition Technicians. The acronym 'DRE' has been used to refer not just to the DRE officers, but also to the examination they perform, the "Drug Recognition Examination," or "Drug Recognition Evaluation." The confluence of acronyms leads to confusion, and the IACP now calls the evaluation done by DRE officers the "Drug Influence Evaluation," DIE. DIEs were developed by police officers from the Los Angeles (California) Police Department in the early 1970s. The officers' drug recognition methods were officially recognized by the LAPD management in 1979, and adopted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the early 1980s. As of 2005, approximately 6,000 police officers are certified as Drug Recognition Experts. Certification is issued by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP). DRE training and certification standards are defined by the International Association of Chiefs of Police Training is available only to "a person ... in the employ and under the direct control of (1) a public criminal justice agency involved in the enforcement of criminal or traffic safety laws or (2) an institution involved in providing training services to officers of law enforcement agencies.". IACP standards require DREs training to be done using an official Student Manual. This manual. is widely cited in court as defining standards for the performance of a Drug Influence Evaluation. A DIE involves the following 12 steps (a detailed description for each step is given at the DECP.org) Breath Alcohol Test: The arresting officer reviews the subject’s breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) test results and determines if the subject’s apparent impairment is consistent with the subject’s BrAC. If so, the officer will not normally call a DRE. If the impairment is not explained by the BrAC, the officer requests a DRE evaluation. Interview of the Arresting Officer Preliminary Examination and First Pulse Eye Examinations Divided Attention Psychophysical Tests Vital Signs and Second Pulse Dark Room Examinations Examination for Muscle Tone Check for Injection Sites and Third Pulse Subject’s Statements and Other Observations Analysis and Opinions of the Evaluator Toxicological Examination : After completing the evaluation, the DRE normally requests a urine, blood and/or saliva sample from the subject for a toxicology lab analysis. The DIE testing done by DRE officers is said to be scientific. This claim is critical to the admission of DRE expert testimony in criminal trials. The DRE Student Manual identifies three scientific studies as being those that validate DRE testing. These studies are: Bigelow 1985 (aka the Johns Hopkins study); Compton 1986 (aka the LAPD-173 study); and Adler 1994 (aka the Arizona DRE Validation Study). Other studies have called into question the scientific validity of these three validation studies, and several courts have held that DRE evidence is not admissible under the rules of evidence. Drug test DECP.ORG, International Drug Evaluation and Classification Program DECP.US, information about the United States' Drug Evaluation and Classification Program PubMed citation, JNRBM's 'Methodological Quality' scientific paper. LAPD Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) Homepage State of WA Patrol links to many DRE and SFST training manuals. Look under 'Quick Links' on the right. stopduid.org Summary of state by state driving under the influence of drug laws
DRE Training & Certification. For a list of classes scheduled in 2015, click here. The DEC Program trains police officers and other approved public safety officials.
Drug Evaluation and Classification Training: The Drug Recognition Expert School Student Manual (English Edition) [Formato Kindle] U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION.
Drug Recognition Expert Manual Pdf submission forms, examples of which are included in this manual. Committee) OR a Drug Recognition Expert OR a CVSA Level I.
Drug Recognition Expert
Drug Evaluation and Classification Training “The Drug Recognition Expert School' January 2011 Edition Student Manual.
A Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) is a law enforcement officer trained to identify people whose driving is impaired by drugs other than, or addition to, alcohol.